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Description: Discusses the raw materials and manufacture of portland cement and different types of hydraulic cements. Also discusses masonry and expansive cements, and the chemistry of cement. Includes graphs and charts illustrating the effects of cement type on sulfate attack, strength development versus cement type, length change of shrinkage-compensating concrete, and the wet and dry process of cement manufacturing. Tables show compound transformations, chemical composition, fineness, and compressive strength requirements of cements. Adapted from Chapter 2 Design and Control of Concrete Mixtures, 14th ed. (EB001.14).
For different types of cement, shows (by percent) typical chemical composition, loss on ignition, insoluble residue, and potential compound composition. Chemical equations are shown for the primary chemical compound transformations involving tricalcium silicate (C3S), dicalcium silicate (C2S), tricalcium aluminate (C3A), and tetracalcium aluminoferrite (C4AF). Gives typical values for Blaine fineness. Table illustrates requirements for compressive strength of mortars for various cement types. Charts and graphs illustrate the effects of cement type on sulfate attack and compressive strength development. Properties discussed include fineness, soundness, consistency, setting time, compressive strength, heat of hydration, and relative density.
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