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These gap-graded mixes required a high percentage of coarse aggregate and low water-cement ratio, resulting in excellent strength and elastic properties with low creep and drying shrinkage. Laboratory tests and field experience indicated that concretes with matrix volumes (air, water, cement and sand) of 45 to 50% can be satisfactorily consolidated and will possess excellent architectural characteristics. The importance of special care in such matters as taping of form joints, proper treatment of form ties, adequate vibration, etc., is stressed. Three typical structures with exposed aggregate surfaces are cited. This report is also found on DVD021.
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