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Description: Discusses the mechanism and measurements of entrained air and the effect of air on concrete properties. Also reviews the effects of concrete materials, production procedures, construction practices, and field conditions. Searchable CD version included. This report is also found on DVD021.
Contents: Chapter 1: Fundamentals of Air Entrainment; The Importance of Air Content in Concrete; Concrete Exposed to Freezing; Role of Air Content; Mechanism of Air Entrainment Chapter 2: Air-Entraining Agents; Chemical Structure and Classification; The Nature of Air-Entraining Agents; Wood-Derived Products; Vegetable Acids; Synthetic Detergents; Other Materials;Specification of Air-Entraining Admixtures ASTM C260; Uniformity Requirements; Performance Requirements; Limitations of ASTM Requirements; Air-Entraining Cements Chapter 3: Mixture Proportioning and Measurement of Air Content; Effect of Air Content on Mixture Proportioning; Replacement of Solid Materials With Air; Required Air Contents; Effect of Air on Concrete Properties; Effect on Concrete Workability; Anticipated Strength Losses Due to Air; Effects of Air Content on Other Properties of Concrete; Measurement of Air Content; Sampling Procedures; Pressure Method - ASTM C231; Volumetric Method - ASTM C173; Gravimetric Method - ASTM C138; Comparison of Air Contents in Fresh and Hardened Concretes Chapter 4: Effect of Concrete Materials on Control of Air Content; Portland Cement; Chemical Composition; Cement Fineness; Cement Content of Mixture; Contaminants; Supplementary Cementitious Materials; Fly Ash; Blast Furnace Slag; Silica Fume; Chemical Admixtures; Water Reducers; Retarders; Accelerators; High-Range Water Reducers and Superplasticizers; Aggregate; Maximum Size of Aggregate; Sand-to-Total Aggregate Ratio; Sand Grading; Other Aggregate Characteristics; Mixing Water; Chemical Characteristics of Mix Water; Water-to-Cement Ratio; Slump; Other Materials; Pigments Chapter 5: Effects of Production Procedures on Control of Air Content; Batching; Sequence of Materials Addition; Size Versus Mixer Capacity; Dispensing of Admixtures; Mixers and Mixing Chapter 6: Effects of Construction Practices and Field Conditions on Control of Air Content; Transport and Delivery; Haul Time and Agitation; Retempering; Placement; Belt Conveyors; Pumping of Concrete; Shotcrete; Consolidation; Internal Vibration; Finishing; Temperature Chapter 7: Questions and Answers; Specifications; Production; Construction; Acknowledgments; References; Index
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