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Description: Introduces the different types of supplementary cementitious materials: fly ash, slag, silica fume, metakaolin, calcined clay, and calcined shale. Specifications and classes as well as effects of supplementary cementitious materials on freshly mixed and hardened concrete are discussed. Reprinted from Chapter 3 Design and Control of Concrete Mixtures, 14th ed. (EB001.14).
Supplementary cementitious materials are used in addition to or as partial replacement of portland or blended cement in concrete. Chemical composition, specification, and different classes of fly ash, ground granulated blast-furnace slag, silica fume and natural pozzolans are described. Covers effects on freshly mixed concrete like water requirements, bleeding, air content, heat of hydration and setting time. Properties of hardened concrete discussed include strength, abrasion, freeze-thaw, deicer-scaling resistance, sulfate resistance, alkali-silica-reactivity, drying shrinkage, permeability, and carbonation.
By S.H. Kosmatka, B. Kerkhoff, and W.C. Panarese
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