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Description: The use of waste materials such as tires, pet coke, and plastics as secondary fuel in cement manufacture has demonstrated clear environmental benefits: the utilization of waste material that would otherwise be landfilled; the associated preservation of coal resources, and reductions in both energy consumption and emissions. Waste plastics include post-consumer plastic wastes among other types; these have reached some 200 million tons worldwide and present a serious environmental challenge. Japan and Europe have recycled plastics as cement fuel with success for the past 20 years, and more recently the process has been of increasing interest in the U.S.
This annotated bibliography contains references to journal articles, conference papers, reports, and patents that focus on the technologies involved in utilization of waste plastics. It is intended to help in developing a basic understanding of the technical issues, and to provide a foundation for those interested in further research. The literature on waste fuels generally is extensive; some of these resources may include brief discussions of plastics but are not included here.
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