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Description: The recycling and reuse of waste concrete is one of the most important aspects of its environmental superiority. One of the less-commonly mentioned but highly innovative and successful uses of waste concrete is the construction of artificial reefs. Surprisingly, this application developed more than 40 years ago. As natural coral reefs have slowly disintegrated due to pollution, shipping activities, and natural disasters, the artificial concrete reefs are able to provide effective and environmentally friendly habitats for fish and fauna. This bibliography cites a number of studies demonstrating the successful use of concrete for artificial reefs.
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