|
|
|
|
|
Concrete masonry is widely used to construct large and small structures in all regions of the world. It traditionally has been chosen for its versatility, low maintenance and installation costs, and resistance to fire. Today, architects and builders are taking a fresh look at the environmental benefits of masonry, which last for the life of the structure. Energy efficiency. The thermal mass in concrete masonry units (CMU) evens out daily temperature swings. Because of this and their moisture resistance, concrete masonry homes are popular in the southern regions of the U.S. where buildings are subject to significantly warm and humid climatic conditions. More builders are finding the significant benefits of thermal mass can be experienced in most climates in the U.S. and may contribute to LEED Credit EA 1. Indoor Environmental Quality. CMUs offer acoustical comfort and their resistance to moisture decreases mold growth and safeguards indoor air quality. Durability. Masonry provides a strong and durable structure, withstanding both routine natural wear as well as extraordinary impacts of natural disasters such as earthquakes and hurricanes. Recycled Content. CMU are frequently manufactured with recycled content. Fly ash, slag cement, or silica fume can be used in the block manufacturing, and recycled aggregates can replace newly mined gravel. The recycled content of CMUs can contribute to LEED Credit M 4. CMU have been manufactured for more than 120 years, and consist primarily of portland cement, gravel, sand, and water. They are available in sizes, shapes, colors, textures, and profiles for practically every conceivable need. Historically, masonry units came from natural materials such as rock and quarried stone. Today, units most commonly used are concrete block or clay brick, offering uniform sizes and predictable mechanical properties. The most prevalent concrete masonry unit, also know as block, is a standard rectangular unit measuring 8 by 8 by 16 in. (200 by 200 by 400 mm) with hollow cores. In most building applications, CMU are held together with mortar joints, although some non-mortared applications like segmental retaining walls are gaining popularity.
CMU can be manufactured for a variety of architectural or structural functions. Split-face units are fractured lengthwise to produce an attractive, rough stone-like texture. The split face exposes the aggregates in the plane of fracture. A patented slotted unit provides high sound absorption for use in gymnasiums, factories, bowling alleys, or theaters where sound control is desirable. Glazed units are used in swimming pools and showers where sanitation and moisture resistance are needed.
Masonry is widely used to construct small and large structures because of its attractive appearance, minimum maintenance, safety, and economy. Additionally, it provides architectural freedom and versatility with striking aesthetic appeal. The most common applications are:
|
|
 |
|
