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Characterization of Surface Run-Off Water From Soil-Cements: A Bench-Scale Study
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Item Code: SN2608
Date of Publication: 2004
Price: $0.00
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This report evaluates the environmental impact of soil stabilized with cement and its effect on run off water when subjected to rain. The study focused on determining the alkalinity (pH), turbidity, and metal concentration in run off water as a function of cement content, surface treatment of soil with emulsion, and curing time. Soil-cement mixtures were compacted into test "slabs" in laboratory and subjected to simulated rain exposure. The runoff water from the slabs containing cement had an initial increase of pH 1 to 1.5 higher than the slabs not containing cement, but this difference disappeared with time. Cement stabilization nearly eliminated all the erosion/turbidity from the slabs by incorporating as little as 3% cement. No adverse effects were noted on metal concentrations in the runoff water as a result of cement stabilization; in fact, the cement treated soils released less magnesium than the untreated soil. Surface treatment with emulsion coating proved to be an excellent barrier between the soil and runoff water. With proper curing, the emulsion coating eliminated the initial high pH measurements found in the runoff water of the soil-cement specimens without emulsion coating. Low pH measurements were maintained throughout the length of study with the use of the coating. Compressive strengths of the soil-cement specimens were also increased with increasing cement content. This report is also found on DVD021.
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Clinker Microstructure and Grindability: Updated Literature Review
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Item Code: SN2967
Date of Publication: 2007
Price: $0.00
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Much of the available literature on the relationship between clinker microstructure and grindability agree that the primary influential factors are alite and belite crystal size and content. Specifically, smaller crystals and more alite (less belite) result in easier to grind clinker. Numerous equations are found in literature to predict clinker grindability based on its microstructure, and although the equations vary somewhat, the relationship to alite and belite content and size previously described are consistent.
On a related topic, some literature was found on clinker microstructure and grindability with the focus on the influence of trace elements, this topic arising likely due to the increased use of alternate raw materials and fuels.
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Condition Investigations of HDPE Pipe In-Service In the United States (Six States)
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Item Code: SN2474
Date of Publication: 2002
Price: $0.00
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This study consisted of inspecting 39 High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Pipes located in 6 different states. The diameters of the pipes ranged from 24 in. to 60 in. The inspections consisted of diameter measurements, distress documentation, alignment measurements, and still and video photography. Pipe deflection, distress and misalignment problems are recorded in tables and photographs. A significant percentage of the 39 pipe installations inspected had deflections in excess of 5% or were experiencing joint separation. Cracking and buckling were also identified, but to a lesser degree. The report contains more than 100 tables, graphs and color photographs. This report is also found on DVD021.
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Dam Construction and Facing with Soil-Cement
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Item Code: RD010
Date of Publication: 1971
Price: $0.00
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Discusses laboratory tests to obtain design factors for application of soil-cement in earth dams as slope protection, impermeable barriers, and erosion-resistant surfaces in areas of rapid flow. Also discusses stability of embankments constructed with cement-stabilized soils. Methods to compute wave height and runup are included. This report is also found on DVD021.
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Erosion and Abrasion Resistance of Soil-Cement and Roller-Compacted Concrete
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Item Code: RD126
Date of Publication: 2002
Price: $15.00
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Soil-cement and roller-compacted concrete (RCC) have been used in water resource applications for over 20 years. Both of these cement-based products are increasingly being used in more severe operating conditions where durability against erosion and abrasion is an important design criterion. This report contains the results of laboratory tests and field performance studies on erosion and abrasion resistance of soil-cement and RCC. Methods for improving the durability of soil-cement and RCC are discussed along with the design criteria used by various agencies and consultants for specifying the strength and durability requirements for the materials. This report is also found on DVD021.
Bulk quantities are available at 50% off the retail price for orders of 50 or more. No other discounts apply. Contact Customer Service at 800.868.6733 or e-mail: dvanderlinde@cement.org
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Formation and Techniques for Control of Sulfur Dioxide and Other Sulfur Compounds in Portland Cement Kiln Systems
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Item Code: SN2460
Date of Publication: 2001
Price: $0.00
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This report presents the chemical and physical factors governing the generation of sulfur dioxide (SO2), its transformation into other sulfur compounds, and the removal of sulfur oxides within the cement kiln system. Sulfur in cement kilns is derived from both kiln feed and from the kiln fuel. The form of the sulfur dictates the location in the kiln where the SO2 generation takes place. Sulfur in the fuel is oxidized in the burning zone or calciner, and is easily removed by reactive lime present in the kiln. Kiln feed sulfur may be in the form of elemental sulfur, organic sulfur compounds, sulfides (either simple sulfides or polysulfides, such as pyrites), or sulfates. When present in the form of sulfate, it usually does not form SO2 but rather leaves the kiln system with the clinker. When present in any of the other forms, it may be oxidized to SO2 removal in rotary kilns, inherent SO2. Several control techniques were evaluated including: inherent SO2 removal in rotary kilns, inherent SO2 removal by in-line raw mills, process alterations, dry reagent injection, hot meal injection, spray dryer absorber, and wet SO2 scrubber.
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Load Factors for Concrete Pipes Bedded in Cement-Treated Soils
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Item Code: RD038
Date of Publication: 1975
Price: $0.00
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Presents load factors obtained from full-scale tests on concrete pipes bedded in cement-treated soil. Both cradle and radial beddings were tested. Principal test variables were bedding angle, thickness, and strength. Most load tests were made with 36-in.-ID pipes; a few were made with 60-in.-ID pipes. The investigation demonstrated the practicability and ease of bedding pipes in cement-treated soils. Test data showed that cement-treated soil beddings provide load factors greater than those obtained with commonly used bedding methods. This report is also found on DVD021.
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Reinforced Concrete Pipe Made with Expansive Cements (Photocopy)
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Item Code: RD015
Date of Publication: 1973
Price: $0.00
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Presents data developed during study of reinforced concrete pipe made with expansive cements. Included are the effects of steam curing on the properties of Type S expansive cement and the effect of added gypsum on these properties. Concretes were tested to determine strength and volume-change stability in various environments, including storage in sodium sulfate solution. Pipe also were subjected to the three-edge bearing test. Results indicate that the expansive cements used improved the performance of all pipe. This report is also found on DVD021.
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